Added Alevtina Rogatova, a 23-year-old student who was on the same train: "I smelled burning plastic and heard cries of 'let the wounded through.'"
Amateur video on Russian TV showed wounded and possibly dead commuters on the floor of the smoke-filled Lubyanka station. One video showed gruesome images of dead passengers sprawled inside a mangled subway car and a bloody leg lying on a station platform.
Passengers streamed out zhjchv0330 of the Replica Watches stations, many crying and making frantic calls on cell phones. The wounded were put on ambulances and helicopters, some with their heads wrapped in bloody bandages, as sirens wailed.
Traffic was paralyzed as large sections of downtown were closed off. Some gypsy cab drivers jacked up their rates for panicky passengers trying to get to work, drawing a harsh rebuke from Orthodox Patriarch Kirill later in the day.
The ornate Moscow subway system is the world's second-busiest after Tokyo's, carrying around 7 million passengers on an average workday, and is a key element in running the sprawling and traffic-choked city.
The last confirmed terrorist attack in Moscow was in August 2004, when a suicide bomber blew herself up outside a subway station, killing 10 people. Chechen rebels claimed responsibility.
World leaders, including President Barack Obama, condemned the subway attacks. Obama telephoned Medvedev to convey the condolences of the United States.
Monday's first explosion Vertu Mobile took place just before 8 a.m. at the Lubyanka station in central Moscow, beneath the notorious headquarters of the Federal Security Service or FSB, the KGB's main successor agency. The FSB is a symbol of power under Putin, a former KGB officer who headed the agency before his election as president in 2000.
"They tell them that if they become martyrs, they will join their husbands, brothers and fathers," he said. "And they also persuade them that the Russians as a nation share a collective guilt."
"I was getting off the train when I heard the sound of an explosion and saw clouds of smoke," said Yegor Barbatunov, 29. "The (Park Kultury) station was jammed Replica Vertu with people trying to get out, but there was no panic. I saw a young man walking past, blood pouring off his head and neck and trickling to the floor."
In London and Madrid, two cities hit by terrorist attacks, officials said there were no immediate plans to tighten security.
2010年3月30日星期二
Replica Louis Vuitton
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who built much of his political capital by directing a fierce war against Chechen separatists a decade ago, promised to track down and kill the organizers of what he called a "disgusting" crime.
"The terrorists will be destroyed," he said on national television.
In a televised meeting with President Replica Louis Vuitton Dmitry Medvedev, Federal Security Service head Alexander Bortnikov said the remains of the two bombers pointed to a Caucasus connection. "We will continue the fight against terrorism unswervingly and to the end," Medvedev said.
Dozens of contributors zhjchv0330 to three Web sites affiliated with al-Qaida wrote comments in praise of Monday's attacks. One site opened a special page to "receive congratulations" for the Chechen rebels who "started the dark tunnel attacks in the apostate countries," and all wished for God to accept the two women as martyrs.
"Don't forget Russia's crimes of genocide in the Caucasus and Chechnya," said one writer. "The battle has been shifted to the heart of Moscow," another wrote.
Ignatenko said Islamic militants in the Caucasus often recruit women whose relatives were killed by Russian security services.
Umarov, the Chechen rebel leader, has relied on al-Qaida's financial support and has several al-Qaida emissaries in his entourage, said Alexander Ignatenko, the head of the independent Moscow-based Institute for Religion and Politics, who has closely followed the Islamic insurgency in the Caucasus.
"Al-Qaida has established a presence in the North Caucasus, like they did in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia and Europe," Ignatenko told The Associated Press. The militants' links with al-Qaida also are recognized by other experts on terrorism.
At least 38 people were killed and more than 60 wounded in Monday morning's blasts, the first such attacks in Moscow in six years.
At 4 p.m., the two subway stations reopened and dozens boarded waiting trains.
"It's really terrifying," said Vasily Replica Mobile Vlastinin, 16. "It's become dangerous to ride the metro, but I'll keep taking the metro. You have to get to school, to college, to work somehow."
The bombings showed that the beleaguered rebels are still strong enough to inflict harm on an increasingly assertive Russia, and they followed a warning last month from Chechen rebel leader Doku Umarov that "the war is coming to their cities."
"The terrorists will be destroyed," he said on national television.
In a televised meeting with President Replica Louis Vuitton Dmitry Medvedev, Federal Security Service head Alexander Bortnikov said the remains of the two bombers pointed to a Caucasus connection. "We will continue the fight against terrorism unswervingly and to the end," Medvedev said.
Dozens of contributors zhjchv0330 to three Web sites affiliated with al-Qaida wrote comments in praise of Monday's attacks. One site opened a special page to "receive congratulations" for the Chechen rebels who "started the dark tunnel attacks in the apostate countries," and all wished for God to accept the two women as martyrs.
"Don't forget Russia's crimes of genocide in the Caucasus and Chechnya," said one writer. "The battle has been shifted to the heart of Moscow," another wrote.
Ignatenko said Islamic militants in the Caucasus often recruit women whose relatives were killed by Russian security services.
Umarov, the Chechen rebel leader, has relied on al-Qaida's financial support and has several al-Qaida emissaries in his entourage, said Alexander Ignatenko, the head of the independent Moscow-based Institute for Religion and Politics, who has closely followed the Islamic insurgency in the Caucasus.
"Al-Qaida has established a presence in the North Caucasus, like they did in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia and Europe," Ignatenko told The Associated Press. The militants' links with al-Qaida also are recognized by other experts on terrorism.
At least 38 people were killed and more than 60 wounded in Monday morning's blasts, the first such attacks in Moscow in six years.
At 4 p.m., the two subway stations reopened and dozens boarded waiting trains.
"It's really terrifying," said Vasily Replica Mobile Vlastinin, 16. "It's become dangerous to ride the metro, but I'll keep taking the metro. You have to get to school, to college, to work somehow."
The bombings showed that the beleaguered rebels are still strong enough to inflict harm on an increasingly assertive Russia, and they followed a warning last month from Chechen rebel leader Doku Umarov that "the war is coming to their cities."
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MOSCOW – Terror returned to the heart of Russia, with two deadly suicide bombings on the Moscow subway at rush hour, including an attack at the station beneath the headquarters of the secret police.
Russian police have killed several Islamic militant leaders in the North Caucasus recently, including one last week in the Kabardino-Balkariya region, which raised fears of retaliatory strikes and escalating bloodshed by the militants.
As smoke billowed through the subway tunnels not replica handbags far from the Kremlin and dazed survivors streamed out of the vast transportation system, al-Qaida-affiliated Web sites were abuzz with celebration of the attacks by the two female suicide bombers.
Militants in the Caucasus zhjchv0330 have declared the creation of an Islamic state as their top goal. Radical Islamic sects have spread throughout the Caucasus region and parts of Russia as well, with religious schools set up. In Chechnya, Kremlin-backed strongman Ramzan Kadyrov has conducted a campaign to impose Islamic values in an effort to blunt the appeal of hard-line Islamic separatists.
About 45 minutes later, a second blast hit the Park Kultury station on the same subway line, which is near renowned Gorky Park. In both cases, the bombs were detonated as the trains pulled into the stations and the doors were opening.
"Any desire to profit on the grief of others brings nothing but grief in return," Patriarch Kirill said after a liturgy.
Both stations had been scrubbed clean. Holes left by shrapnel in the granite were the only reminder of the day's tragic bombings.
In February 2004, a suicide bomber from the North Caucasus attacked a subway train during the morning rush hour, killing more than 40 people and wounding more than 100.
While the Russian army battered Chechen rebels a decade ago, the separatists continue to move through the region's mountains and forests with comparative ease despite security sweeps by federal forces and police under the control of local leaders loyal to the Kremlin.
Rights groups say that abductions, torture Replica Mobile Phones and killings of young men suspected of militant links by Russian security forces have helped swell the rebels' ranks.
New York increased security in its transportation network with officers assigned to subways overnight held in place so they overlapped with the day tour. Special units also were assigned to transit facilities. Washington, D.C., Metro police conducted random inspections of stations and rail yards. Atlanta's public transit system said its police department was increasing the number of officers and patrols in the system.
Russian police have killed several Islamic militant leaders in the North Caucasus recently, including one last week in the Kabardino-Balkariya region, which raised fears of retaliatory strikes and escalating bloodshed by the militants.
As smoke billowed through the subway tunnels not replica handbags far from the Kremlin and dazed survivors streamed out of the vast transportation system, al-Qaida-affiliated Web sites were abuzz with celebration of the attacks by the two female suicide bombers.
Militants in the Caucasus zhjchv0330 have declared the creation of an Islamic state as their top goal. Radical Islamic sects have spread throughout the Caucasus region and parts of Russia as well, with religious schools set up. In Chechnya, Kremlin-backed strongman Ramzan Kadyrov has conducted a campaign to impose Islamic values in an effort to blunt the appeal of hard-line Islamic separatists.
About 45 minutes later, a second blast hit the Park Kultury station on the same subway line, which is near renowned Gorky Park. In both cases, the bombs were detonated as the trains pulled into the stations and the doors were opening.
"Any desire to profit on the grief of others brings nothing but grief in return," Patriarch Kirill said after a liturgy.
Both stations had been scrubbed clean. Holes left by shrapnel in the granite were the only reminder of the day's tragic bombings.
In February 2004, a suicide bomber from the North Caucasus attacked a subway train during the morning rush hour, killing more than 40 people and wounding more than 100.
While the Russian army battered Chechen rebels a decade ago, the separatists continue to move through the region's mountains and forests with comparative ease despite security sweeps by federal forces and police under the control of local leaders loyal to the Kremlin.
Rights groups say that abductions, torture Replica Mobile Phones and killings of young men suspected of militant links by Russian security forces have helped swell the rebels' ranks.
New York increased security in its transportation network with officers assigned to subways overnight held in place so they overlapped with the day tour. Special units also were assigned to transit facilities. Washington, D.C., Metro police conducted random inspections of stations and rail yards. Atlanta's public transit system said its police department was increasing the number of officers and patrols in the system.
2010年3月29日星期一
Vertu Mobile
With government subsidies, Chinese animation companies tripled their presence at this year's Tokyo anime fair even as the overall number of Replica Mobile Phones exhibitors declined. The four-day event through Sunday, one of the world's biggest anime-related trade shows and festivals, featured a "China-Japan Anime Summit" along with multiple China-themed lectures.
"China is a big market, and everybody is trying to get in," said Jimmy Tse, chief executive of Top Art Investment Ltd., which makes the panda Komazawa Replica Mobile craved. "And the Chinese people, they are starting to think, 'How come I'm manufacturing for someone else?' Why are we not creating anything ourselves?'"
The duo said they don't see themselves zhjchv0329 as working within any sort of distinct Japanese architectural tradition. But they acknowledged being influenced by the austere construction methods, lightweight materials and porous boundaries between inside and outside space that characterize traditional Japanese buildings.
"If you see Japanese temples made of Vertu Mobile wood, you can see how the architecture is made up," Nishizawa said. "They have a clear construction and transparency and they are quite simple. I think this is one of the big things that we are influenced by."
In their citation, the Pritzker jury also Replica Vertu named the pair's New Museum of Contemporary Art, a mid-rise stack of unevenly sized, white metal blocks that sit atop a transparent glass base on a scruffy street in New York's lower east side.
"China is a big market, and everybody is trying to get in," said Jimmy Tse, chief executive of Top Art Investment Ltd., which makes the panda Komazawa Replica Mobile craved. "And the Chinese people, they are starting to think, 'How come I'm manufacturing for someone else?' Why are we not creating anything ourselves?'"
The duo said they don't see themselves zhjchv0329 as working within any sort of distinct Japanese architectural tradition. But they acknowledged being influenced by the austere construction methods, lightweight materials and porous boundaries between inside and outside space that characterize traditional Japanese buildings.
"If you see Japanese temples made of Vertu Mobile wood, you can see how the architecture is made up," Nishizawa said. "They have a clear construction and transparency and they are quite simple. I think this is one of the big things that we are influenced by."
In their citation, the Pritzker jury also Replica Vertu named the pair's New Museum of Contemporary Art, a mid-rise stack of unevenly sized, white metal blocks that sit atop a transparent glass base on a scruffy street in New York's lower east side.
Replica Louis Vuitton
"We have turned words into action," Obama said at the White House after completing the agreement in a morning phone call with Medvedev. The White House said it was their 14th meeting or phone call on the issue.
The United States hopes the 10-year agreement will lead to better cooperation on other issues, such as a unified U.S.-Russian stance against the development of nuclear weapons by Iran.
"The existence of strategic defensive Replica Watches systems capable of neutralizing strategic offensive weapons will be taken into account," Lavrov told reporters.
Sealing the deal gave Obama a badly replica handbags needed foreign policy victory. His advisers hoped it would help lend momentum to his overall agenda by demonstrating strength on both the international and domestic fronts. It came soon after Congress approved his top domestic priority, the health care overhaul.
Clinton also jestingly offered the Russian Vertu Mobile government help in getting the treaty through the Duma. "President Obama has said he will send Rahm Emanuel to Moscow" if necessary, she joked, referring to Obama's blunt-speaking chief of staff. "We all endorsed that offer."
Clinton emphasized the verification Replica Louis Vuitton mechanism in the zhjchv0329 treaty — a key demand of the U.S. that was resisted by Russia and was one of the sticking points that delayed completion of the deal. It will "reduce the chance for misunderstandings and miscalculations," she told reporters.
"With this agreement, the United States and Russia — the two largest nuclear powers in the world — also send a clear signal that we intend to lead," Obama said.
McConnell said Friday that GOP senators will attempt to determine whether the treaty's provisions would be verifiable and would maintain America's full ability to defend itself.
The United States hopes the 10-year agreement will lead to better cooperation on other issues, such as a unified U.S.-Russian stance against the development of nuclear weapons by Iran.
"The existence of strategic defensive Replica Watches systems capable of neutralizing strategic offensive weapons will be taken into account," Lavrov told reporters.
Sealing the deal gave Obama a badly replica handbags needed foreign policy victory. His advisers hoped it would help lend momentum to his overall agenda by demonstrating strength on both the international and domestic fronts. It came soon after Congress approved his top domestic priority, the health care overhaul.
Clinton also jestingly offered the Russian Vertu Mobile government help in getting the treaty through the Duma. "President Obama has said he will send Rahm Emanuel to Moscow" if necessary, she joked, referring to Obama's blunt-speaking chief of staff. "We all endorsed that offer."
Clinton emphasized the verification Replica Louis Vuitton mechanism in the zhjchv0329 treaty — a key demand of the U.S. that was resisted by Russia and was one of the sticking points that delayed completion of the deal. It will "reduce the chance for misunderstandings and miscalculations," she told reporters.
"With this agreement, the United States and Russia — the two largest nuclear powers in the world — also send a clear signal that we intend to lead," Obama said.
McConnell said Friday that GOP senators will attempt to determine whether the treaty's provisions would be verifiable and would maintain America's full ability to defend itself.
Replica Vertu
She noted that the U.S. and Russia still possess the lion's share of the world's nuclear weapons. "We do not need such large arsenals to protect our nation," she said.
The agreement was hailed internationally.
In Brussels, European Union Commission replica handbags President Jose Manuel Barroso said the EU strongly supports nonproliferation efforts and "there could not be a more positive signal to our efforts than the news today."
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell
of Kentucky and Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl have Replica Vertu voiced concerns about the treaty's impact on missile defenses and have proposed linking ratification with modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal.
In Moscow, the Kremlin hailed the agreement. Medvedev's spokeswoman, Natalya Timakova, said, "This treaty reflects the balance of interests of both nations."
No one sees that any time soon. But U.S. leaders noted zhjchv0329 that the agreement came shortly before Obama was to host an international conference on nuclear proliferation in Washington.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. and Russia sealed the first major nuclear weapons treaty in nearly two decades Friday, agreeing to slash the former Cold Replica Louis Vuitton War rivals' warhead arsenals by nearly one-third and talking hopefully of eventually ridding a fearful world of nuclear arms altogether.
And despite supportive statements by more moderate Republicans such as Lugar, some conservative GOP senators have voiced concerns that too many concessions to Moscow could limit the flexibility of future presidents.
Sen. Richard Lugar of Indiana, a leading
Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Replica Watches Committee, welcomed Friday's announcement. Lugar, who is influential among fellow GOP senators as an arms control expert, said he looked forward to receiving the treaty so that the committee could hold hearings and "work quickly to achieve ratification."
The agreement was hailed internationally.
In Brussels, European Union Commission replica handbags President Jose Manuel Barroso said the EU strongly supports nonproliferation efforts and "there could not be a more positive signal to our efforts than the news today."
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell
of Kentucky and Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl have Replica Vertu voiced concerns about the treaty's impact on missile defenses and have proposed linking ratification with modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal.
In Moscow, the Kremlin hailed the agreement. Medvedev's spokeswoman, Natalya Timakova, said, "This treaty reflects the balance of interests of both nations."
No one sees that any time soon. But U.S. leaders noted zhjchv0329 that the agreement came shortly before Obama was to host an international conference on nuclear proliferation in Washington.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. and Russia sealed the first major nuclear weapons treaty in nearly two decades Friday, agreeing to slash the former Cold Replica Louis Vuitton War rivals' warhead arsenals by nearly one-third and talking hopefully of eventually ridding a fearful world of nuclear arms altogether.
And despite supportive statements by more moderate Republicans such as Lugar, some conservative GOP senators have voiced concerns that too many concessions to Moscow could limit the flexibility of future presidents.
Sen. Richard Lugar of Indiana, a leading
Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Replica Watches Committee, welcomed Friday's announcement. Lugar, who is influential among fellow GOP senators as an arms control expert, said he looked forward to receiving the treaty so that the committee could hold hearings and "work quickly to achieve ratification."
replica handbags
President Barack Obama said the pact was part of an effort to "reset" relations with Russia that have been badly frayed. And at home the agreement gave him the biggest foreign policy achievement of his presidency, just days after he signed the landmark health care overhaul that has been his domestic priority.
If ratified by the Senate and by replica handbags Russia's legislature, the reductions still would leave both countries, by far the world's largest nuclear powers, with immense arsenals — and the ability to easily annihilate each other. Together, the United States and Russia possess about 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation.
Agreed Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, "Both parties see the ultimate goal in building a nuclear-free world."
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called zhjchv0329 the treaty an "important milestone" and said he believed it would "add a significant impetus" to a U.N. conference in May to review the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Ratification in the Senate will require 67 votes, two-thirds of the senators, meaning Obama will need support from Republicans, something he's found hard to come by on other issues.
According to U.S. officials, the accord won't restrict moving ahead on deployment of an American missile defense system — long a touchy subject between the Replica Louis Vuitton two nations. And Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov suggested Russia reserves the right to walk away from the treaty if it sees it can no longer protect its security because of a U.S. missile-defense buildup.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, standing with Defense Secretary Robert Gates alongside Obama, said, "National security has always produced large
bipartisan majorities, and I see no reason Replica Mobile Phones why this should be any different. I believe that a vast majority of the Senate, at the end of the day, will see that this is in America's interest."
Because the earlier START treaty expired Replica Watches in December, Russia and the United States will not have an agreement for inspecting each other's arsenals until a replacement treaty comes into effect.
Gates cautioned that the treaty — and an accompanying review of nuclear posture — will require more spending to modernize America's nuclear arsenal. At the same time, the defense secretary called it an "important milestone" in consigning Cold War nightmares to the past.
If ratified by the Senate and by replica handbags Russia's legislature, the reductions still would leave both countries, by far the world's largest nuclear powers, with immense arsenals — and the ability to easily annihilate each other. Together, the United States and Russia possess about 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation.
Agreed Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, "Both parties see the ultimate goal in building a nuclear-free world."
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called zhjchv0329 the treaty an "important milestone" and said he believed it would "add a significant impetus" to a U.N. conference in May to review the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Ratification in the Senate will require 67 votes, two-thirds of the senators, meaning Obama will need support from Republicans, something he's found hard to come by on other issues.
According to U.S. officials, the accord won't restrict moving ahead on deployment of an American missile defense system — long a touchy subject between the Replica Louis Vuitton two nations. And Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov suggested Russia reserves the right to walk away from the treaty if it sees it can no longer protect its security because of a U.S. missile-defense buildup.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, standing with Defense Secretary Robert Gates alongside Obama, said, "National security has always produced large
bipartisan majorities, and I see no reason Replica Mobile Phones why this should be any different. I believe that a vast majority of the Senate, at the end of the day, will see that this is in America's interest."
Because the earlier START treaty expired Replica Watches in December, Russia and the United States will not have an agreement for inspecting each other's arsenals until a replacement treaty comes into effect.
Gates cautioned that the treaty — and an accompanying review of nuclear posture — will require more spending to modernize America's nuclear arsenal. At the same time, the defense secretary called it an "important milestone" in consigning Cold War nightmares to the past.
2010年3月27日星期六
Replica Watches
"We have turned words into action," Obama said at the White House after completing the agreement in a morning phone call with Medvedev. The White House said it was their 14th meeting or phone call on the issue.
The United States hopes the 10-year agreement will lead to better cooperation on other issues, such as a unified U.S.-Russian stance against the development of nuclear weapons by Iran.
"The existence of strategic defensive Replica Watches systems capable of neutralizing strategic offensive weapons will be taken into account," Lavrov told reporters.
Sealing the deal gave Obama a badly replica handbags needed foreign policy victory. His advisers hoped it would help lend momentum to his overall agenda by demonstrating strength on both the international and domestic fronts. It came soon after Congress approved his top domestic priority, the health care overhaul.
Clinton also jestingly offered the Russian government help in getting the treaty through the Duma. "President Obama has said he will send Rahm Emanuel to Moscow" if necessary, she joked, referring to Obama's blunt-speaking chief of staff. "We all endorsed that offer."
Clinton emphasized the verification Replica Louis Vuitton mechanism in the zhjchv0327 treaty — a key demand of the U.S. that was resisted by Russia and was one of the sticking points that delayed completion of the deal. It will "reduce the chance for misunderstandings and miscalculations," she told reporters.
"With this agreement, the United States and Russia — the two largest nuclear powers in the world — also send a clear signal that we intend to lead," Obama said.
McConnell said Friday that GOP senators will attempt to determine whether the treaty's provisions would be verifiable and would maintain America's full ability to defend itself.
The United States hopes the 10-year agreement will lead to better cooperation on other issues, such as a unified U.S.-Russian stance against the development of nuclear weapons by Iran.
"The existence of strategic defensive Replica Watches systems capable of neutralizing strategic offensive weapons will be taken into account," Lavrov told reporters.
Sealing the deal gave Obama a badly replica handbags needed foreign policy victory. His advisers hoped it would help lend momentum to his overall agenda by demonstrating strength on both the international and domestic fronts. It came soon after Congress approved his top domestic priority, the health care overhaul.
Clinton also jestingly offered the Russian government help in getting the treaty through the Duma. "President Obama has said he will send Rahm Emanuel to Moscow" if necessary, she joked, referring to Obama's blunt-speaking chief of staff. "We all endorsed that offer."
Clinton emphasized the verification Replica Louis Vuitton mechanism in the zhjchv0327 treaty — a key demand of the U.S. that was resisted by Russia and was one of the sticking points that delayed completion of the deal. It will "reduce the chance for misunderstandings and miscalculations," she told reporters.
"With this agreement, the United States and Russia — the two largest nuclear powers in the world — also send a clear signal that we intend to lead," Obama said.
McConnell said Friday that GOP senators will attempt to determine whether the treaty's provisions would be verifiable and would maintain America's full ability to defend itself.
Replica Louis Vuitton
She noted that the U.S. and Russia still possess the lion's share of the world's nuclear weapons. "We do not need such large arsenals to protect our nation," she said.
The agreement was hailed internationally.
In Brussels, European Union Commission replica handbags President Jose Manuel Barroso said the EU strongly supports nonproliferation efforts and "there could not be a more positive signal to our efforts than the news today."
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell
of Kentucky and Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl have voiced concerns about the treaty's impact on missile defenses and have proposed linking ratification with modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal.
In Moscow, the Kremlin hailed the agreement. Medvedev's spokeswoman, Natalya Timakova, said, "This treaty reflects the balance of interests of both nations."
No one sees that any time soon. But U.S. leaders noted zhjchv0327 that the agreement came shortly before Obama was to host an international conference on nuclear proliferation in Washington.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. and Russia sealed the first major nuclear weapons treaty in nearly two decades Friday, agreeing to slash the former Cold Replica Louis Vuitton War rivals' warhead arsenals by nearly one-third and talking hopefully of eventually ridding a fearful world of nuclear arms altogether.
And despite supportive statements by more moderate Republicans such as Lugar, some conservative GOP senators have voiced concerns that too many concessions to Moscow could limit the flexibility of future presidents.
Sen. Richard Lugar of Indiana, a leading
Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Replica Watches Committee, welcomed Friday's announcement. Lugar, who is influential among fellow GOP senators as an arms control expert, said he looked forward to receiving the treaty so that the committee could hold hearings and "work quickly to achieve ratification."
The agreement was hailed internationally.
In Brussels, European Union Commission replica handbags President Jose Manuel Barroso said the EU strongly supports nonproliferation efforts and "there could not be a more positive signal to our efforts than the news today."
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell
of Kentucky and Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl have voiced concerns about the treaty's impact on missile defenses and have proposed linking ratification with modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal.
In Moscow, the Kremlin hailed the agreement. Medvedev's spokeswoman, Natalya Timakova, said, "This treaty reflects the balance of interests of both nations."
No one sees that any time soon. But U.S. leaders noted zhjchv0327 that the agreement came shortly before Obama was to host an international conference on nuclear proliferation in Washington.
WASHINGTON – The U.S. and Russia sealed the first major nuclear weapons treaty in nearly two decades Friday, agreeing to slash the former Cold Replica Louis Vuitton War rivals' warhead arsenals by nearly one-third and talking hopefully of eventually ridding a fearful world of nuclear arms altogether.
And despite supportive statements by more moderate Republicans such as Lugar, some conservative GOP senators have voiced concerns that too many concessions to Moscow could limit the flexibility of future presidents.
Sen. Richard Lugar of Indiana, a leading
Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Replica Watches Committee, welcomed Friday's announcement. Lugar, who is influential among fellow GOP senators as an arms control expert, said he looked forward to receiving the treaty so that the committee could hold hearings and "work quickly to achieve ratification."
replica handbags
President Barack Obama said the pact was part of an effort to "reset" relations with Russia that have been badly frayed. And at home the agreement gave him the biggest foreign policy achievement of his presidency, just days after he signed the landmark health care overhaul that has been his domestic priority.
If ratified by the Senate and by replica handbags Russia's legislature, the reductions still would leave both countries, by far the world's largest nuclear powers, with immense arsenals — and the ability to easily annihilate each other. Together, the United States and Russia possess about 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation.
Agreed Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, "Both parties see the ultimate goal in building a nuclear-free world."
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called zhjchv0327 the treaty an "important milestone" and said he believed it would "add a significant impetus" to a U.N. conference in May to review the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Ratification in the Senate will require 67 votes, two-thirds of the senators, meaning Obama will need support from Republicans, something he's found hard to come by on other issues.
According to U.S. officials, the accord won't restrict moving ahead on deployment of an American missile defense system — long a touchy subject between the Replica Louis Vuitton two nations. And Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov suggested Russia reserves the right to walk away from the treaty if it sees it can no longer protect its security because of a U.S. missile-defense buildup.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, standing with Defense Secretary Robert Gates alongside Obama, said, "National security has always produced large bipartisan majorities, and I see no reason why this should be any different. I believe that a vast majority of the Senate, at the end of the day, will see that this is in America's interest."
Because the earlier START treaty expired Replica Watches in December, Russia and the United States will not have an agreement for inspecting each other's arsenals until a replacement treaty comes into effect.
Gates cautioned that the treaty — and an accompanying review of nuclear posture — will require more spending to modernize America's nuclear arsenal. At the same time, the defense secretary called it an "important milestone" in consigning Cold War nightmares to the past.
If ratified by the Senate and by replica handbags Russia's legislature, the reductions still would leave both countries, by far the world's largest nuclear powers, with immense arsenals — and the ability to easily annihilate each other. Together, the United States and Russia possess about 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation.
Agreed Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, "Both parties see the ultimate goal in building a nuclear-free world."
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called zhjchv0327 the treaty an "important milestone" and said he believed it would "add a significant impetus" to a U.N. conference in May to review the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Ratification in the Senate will require 67 votes, two-thirds of the senators, meaning Obama will need support from Republicans, something he's found hard to come by on other issues.
According to U.S. officials, the accord won't restrict moving ahead on deployment of an American missile defense system — long a touchy subject between the Replica Louis Vuitton two nations. And Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov suggested Russia reserves the right to walk away from the treaty if it sees it can no longer protect its security because of a U.S. missile-defense buildup.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, standing with Defense Secretary Robert Gates alongside Obama, said, "National security has always produced large bipartisan majorities, and I see no reason why this should be any different. I believe that a vast majority of the Senate, at the end of the day, will see that this is in America's interest."
Because the earlier START treaty expired Replica Watches in December, Russia and the United States will not have an agreement for inspecting each other's arsenals until a replacement treaty comes into effect.
Gates cautioned that the treaty — and an accompanying review of nuclear posture — will require more spending to modernize America's nuclear arsenal. At the same time, the defense secretary called it an "important milestone" in consigning Cold War nightmares to the past.
2010年3月26日星期五
Replica Watches
zhjchv0326 Would he be able replica handbagsto do midair maneuvers in such a bulky contraption? To find out, Mr. Baumgartner and his team recently went to a wind tunnel in Perris, Calif., near Los Angeles, and put the suit through its paces.
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have broken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watches will happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one reason why Mr. Kittinger’s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have broken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watches will happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one reason why Mr. Kittinger’s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
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zhjchv0326 Ordinarily, Felix Baumgartner would not need a lot of practice in the science of falling.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuitton plan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Force pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique would ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuitton plan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Force pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique would ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
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zhjchv0326 With these two genomes in replica handbags hand, the Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to scan the human for genetic disease. SNPs, or “snips,” are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip for Dr. Wayne’s team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though thereafter they cost $250 apiece. The dog SNP chip brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic relationship between various breeds.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that all the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to Replica Louis Vuittonscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Replica Watches Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team had made a convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement occurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that all the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to Replica Louis Vuittonscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Replica Watches Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team had made a convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement occurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
2010年3月25日星期四
Replica Watches
zhjchv0325 Would he be able replica handbagsto do midair maneuvers in such a bulky contraption? To find out, Mr. Baumgartner and his team recently went to a wind tunnel in Perris, Calif., near Los Angeles, and put the suit through its paces.
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have broken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watches will happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one reason why Mr. Kittinger’s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have broken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watches will happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one reason why Mr. Kittinger’s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
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zhjchv0325 Ordinarily, Felix Baumgartner would not need a lot of practice in the science of falling.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuitton plan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Force pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique would ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuitton plan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Force pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique would ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
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zhjchv0325 With these two genomes in replica handbags hand, the Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to scan the human for genetic disease. SNPs, or “snips,” are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip for Dr. Wayne’s team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though thereafter they cost $250 apiece. The dog SNP chip brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic relationship between various breeds.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that all the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to Replica Louis Vuittonscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Replica Watches Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team had made a convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement occurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that all the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to Replica Louis Vuittonscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Replica Watches Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team had made a convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement occurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
2010年3月24日星期三
Replica Watches
zhjchv0324 Borrowing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey suggesting dogs originated in East Asia.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication — that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by Replica Louis Vuitton Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters Replica Watches and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to feed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was small size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,” Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s genome.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication — that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by Replica Louis Vuitton Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters Replica Watches and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to feed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was small size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,” Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s genome.
Replica Louis Vuitton
zhjchv0324The family, which owns replica handbagsa race-car repair company in Long Island City, is accused of receiving $1.5 million from 10 victims in connection with this element of the scheme, officials said. The family laundered checks through 11 bank accounts, 8 of them in the name of Shantal Ramsundar, the authorities said.
In the immigration component of the scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundars received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was handed up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer Replica Louis Vuitton for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Gomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr. Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan Replica Watchesconcluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several people contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
In the immigration component of the scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundars received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was handed up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer Replica Louis Vuitton for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Gomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr. Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan Replica Watchesconcluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several people contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
replica handbags
zhjchv0324Three members of a replica handbags family in Richmond Hill, Queens, have been indicted on charges that they stole $1.75 million from 19 fellow West Indian immigrants by falsely promising to help them obtain green cards and bargain deals on federally seized property in New York City and Florida, the Queens district attorney announced on Thursday.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said, one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars had told their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said, one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars had told their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
2010年3月23日星期二
Replica Watches
zhjchv0323 Borrowing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey suggesting dogs originated in East Asia.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication — that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by Replica Louis Vuitton Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters Replica Watches and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to feed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was small size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,” Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s genome.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication — that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by Replica Louis Vuitton Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters Replica Watches and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to feed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was small size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,” Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s genome.
Replica Louis Vuitton
zhjchv0323The family, which owns replica handbagsa race-car repair company in Long Island City, is accused of receiving $1.5 million from 10 victims in connection with this element of the scheme, officials said. The family laundered checks through 11 bank accounts, 8 of them in the name of Shantal Ramsundar, the authorities said.
In the immigration component of the scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundars received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was handed up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer Replica Louis Vuitton for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Gomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr. Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan Replica Watchesconcluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several people contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
In the immigration component of the scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundars received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was handed up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer Replica Louis Vuitton for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Gomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr. Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan Replica Watchesconcluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several people contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
replica handbags
zhjchv0323Three members of a replica handbags family in Richmond Hill, Queens, have been indicted on charges that they stole $1.75 million from 19 fellow West Indian immigrants by falsely promising to help them obtain green cards and bargain deals on federally seized property in New York City and Florida, the Queens district attorney announced on Thursday.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said, one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars had told their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said, one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars had told their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
2010年3月22日星期一
Swiss replica Watches
zhjchv0322 Would he be able replica handbagsto do midair
maneuvers in such a bulky contraption? To find out, Mr. Baumgartner and his team recently went to a wind tunnel in
Perris, Calif., near Los Angeles, and put the suit through its paces.
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest
containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s
visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic
version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a
certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held
aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the
engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important,
with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms
and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I
can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes
from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have designer handbagsbroken the sound barrier,
but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos
mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic
shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out,
and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’
t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watcheswill happen to Felix and
the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for
the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip
right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that
knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one Omega replica Watchesreason why Mr. Kittinger’s
record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain
potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to
nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers Swiss replica Watches have more freedom to
take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space
shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space
age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,
” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we
don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
maneuvers in such a bulky contraption? To find out, Mr. Baumgartner and his team recently went to a wind tunnel in
Perris, Calif., near Los Angeles, and put the suit through its paces.
Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest
containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet’s
visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic
version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a
certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held
aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the
engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important,
with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms
and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
“It was difficult, but it worked,” Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. “Now I’m confident I
can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we’re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes
from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don’t know what to expect.”
Plenty of planes have designer handbagsbroken the sound barrier,
but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos
mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
“You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you’re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic
shape,” Mr. Thompson said. “You’ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out,
and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren’
t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.”
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
“We just don’t know what Replica Watcheswill happen to Felix and
the suit when he goes supersonic,” said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for
the Air Force’s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. “Felix could slip
right through it, but if half the suit’s supersonic and the other half isn’t, there could be turbulence that
knocks him out of control.”
Such risks are one Omega replica Watchesreason why Mr. Kittinger’s
record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain
potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to
nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers Swiss replica Watches have more freedom to
take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space
shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space
age.
“This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,
” Dr. Clark said. “It’s going to be a major technical feat. It’s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we
don’t know what we’re up against but we’re going to do everything we can to overcome it.”
Omega replica Watches
zhjchv0322 Ordinarily, Felix Baumgartner would not need a lot of practice in the science of falling.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in
the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude
record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623
-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium
balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be
going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five
and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuittonplan, although no one
really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime
this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one
person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project
Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Forcedesigner
handbags pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger
is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being
financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten
phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I
stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was
their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years
to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner.
Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to
survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been Omega replica Watches to avoid
the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his
fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled
around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more
than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically
about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he
spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue
parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique Swiss replica Watcheswould ordinarily be
fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a
veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s
near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in
the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude
record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623
-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium
balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be
going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five
and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that’s the Replica Louis Vuittonplan, although no one
really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime
this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one
person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project
Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Forcedesigner
handbags pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger
is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner’s jump, which is being
financed by the energy-drink company.
“For 50 years,” Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, “I’ve gotten
phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record — one a month, sometimes two a month. But I
stayed away from them because they didn’t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was
their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.”
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years
to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut’s suit for Mr. Baumgartner.
Besides aiming at records, they’re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to
survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been Omega replica Watches to avoid
the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his
fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled
around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger’s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more
than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically
about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he
spotted the parachute’s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: “I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.”
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue
parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique Swiss replica Watcheswould ordinarily be
fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a
veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere’s
near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
Replica Watches
zhjchv0322 With these two genomes inreplica handbags hand, the
Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to scan the human for genetic disease. SNPs, or
“snips,” are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip
for Dr. Wayne’s team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though thereafter they cost $250 apiece. The dog SNP chip
brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic
relationship between various breeds.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that Replica Louis Vuittonall the
herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between
dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a
herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to designer handbagsscan
for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been
implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are
involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could
have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on Replica Watches a small
genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East
Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not
convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of
the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been
less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said
they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team Omega replica Watcheshad made a
convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said
in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement Swiss replica Watchesoccurred
at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the
structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of
surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could
have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from
the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said,
may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to scan the human for genetic disease. SNPs, or
“snips,” are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip
for Dr. Wayne’s team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though thereafter they cost $250 apiece. The dog SNP chip
brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic
relationship between various breeds.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that Replica Louis Vuittonall the
herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between
dogs’ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. “I thought there would be many ways to build a
herding dog and that they’d come from all over the tree, but there are not,” Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to designer handbagsscan
for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been
implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are
involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could
have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on Replica Watches a small
genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East
Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not
convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of
the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been
less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Driscoll and Stephen O’Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said
they believed that Dr. Wayne’s team Omega replica Watcheshad made a
convincing case. “I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,” Dr. O’Brien said
in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement Swiss replica Watchesoccurred
at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the
structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of
surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could
have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from
the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said,
may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
Replica Louis Vuitton
zhjchv0322 Borrowing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs
were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey
suggesting dogs originated in East Asia.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication
— that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link
between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for Replica Louis Vuittonthe dog also
fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of
the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by
Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by designer handbags Bridgett M. vonHoldt and
Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog
genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was
where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves
and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there
was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s
issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports Replica Watchesthis idea, since
some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier
doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began
following hunter-gatherer bands to Omega replica Watchesfeed on the
wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less
threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years
ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-
dogs. One of the features they selected was Swiss replica
Watchessmall size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that
would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,”
Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague,
Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of
cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge,
Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s
genome.
were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey
suggesting dogs originated in East Asia.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication
— that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link
between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for Replica Louis Vuittonthe dog also
fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of
the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by
Victorian dog fanciers of many of today’s breeds.
A research team led by designer handbags Bridgett M. vonHoldt and
Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog
genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was
where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves
and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there
was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday’s
issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports Replica Watchesthis idea, since
some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier
doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began
following hunter-gatherer bands to Omega replica Watchesfeed on the
wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less
threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years
ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-
dogs. One of the features they selected was Swiss replica
Watchessmall size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. “I think a long history such as that
would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,”
Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague,
Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of
cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge,
Mass., have sequenced the boxer’s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle’s
genome.
Replica Louis Vuitton
zhjchv0322The family, which owns replica handbagsa race-car
repair company in Long Island City, is accused of receiving $1.5 million from 10 victims in connection with this
element of the scheme, officials said. The family laundered checks through 11 bank accounts, 8 of them in the name
of Shantal Ramsundar, the authorities said.
In the immigration component of the Replica Louis Vuitton scheme,
the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them
obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundarsdesigner handbags received more
than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the
real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was Replica Watcheshanded up by a
Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money
laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If
convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith,
speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Omega replica WatchesGomatee
Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr.
Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to
the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr.
Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan concluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several Swiss replica Watchespeople
contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he
was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with
claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
repair company in Long Island City, is accused of receiving $1.5 million from 10 victims in connection with this
element of the scheme, officials said. The family laundered checks through 11 bank accounts, 8 of them in the name
of Shantal Ramsundar, the authorities said.
In the immigration component of the Replica Louis Vuitton scheme,
the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them
obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundarsdesigner handbags received more
than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the
real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was Replica Watcheshanded up by a
Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money
laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If
convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as “a victim.”
“They say there’s all this money missing, but they can’t find it,” Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith,
speaking of prosecutors. “Isn’t that interesting?”
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Omega replica WatchesGomatee
Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client “is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.” Mr.
Ramsundar’s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to
the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr.
Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims’ confidence.
“You can’t trust anybody,” Mr. Bachan concluded. “I wish I could get my money back.”
The case began last year when several Swiss replica Watchespeople
contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he
was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with
claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney’s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
replica handbags
zhjchv0322Three members of a replica handbags family in Richmond
Hill, Queens, have been indicted on charges that they stole $1.75 million from 19 fellow West Indian immigrants by
falsely promising to help them obtain green cards and bargain deals on federally seized property in New York City
and Florida, the Queens district attorney announced on Thursday.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said,
one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the
F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be
especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In
this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who
were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee
Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their
arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by
relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars Omega replica Watcheshad told
their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax
evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims
that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low
prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
Hill, Queens, have been indicted on charges that they stole $1.75 million from 19 fellow West Indian immigrants by
falsely promising to help them obtain green cards and bargain deals on federally seized property in New York City
and Florida, the Queens district attorney announced on Thursday.
As part of the scheme, the Replica Louis Vuittonauthorities said,
one defendant, Shane Ramsundar, 50, masqueraded as an agent from Immigration and Customs Enforcement on loan to the
F.B.I., carrying an air gun, a phony badge and a false ID card.
“Our immigrant community here in designer handbagsQueens can be
especially vulnerable to deception and fraud,” the district attorney, Richard A. Brown, said in a statement. “In
this particular case, many of their immigrant victims are alleged to have implicitly trusted the defendants, who
were West Indian like themselves.”
In addition to Mr. Ramsundar, his Replica Watcheswife, Gomatee
Ramsundar, 46, and their daughter, Shantal Ramsundar, 23, were indicted. All three pleaded not guilty at their
arraignment Thursday afternoon in Queens Supreme Court, as more than a dozen of their accusers, accompanied by
relatives, filled the courtroom.
The authorities said the Ramsundars Omega replica Watcheshad told
their victims that the government allowed its special agents first option to buy the properties seized from tax
evaders and drug dealers before offering them at a public auction.
Mr. Ramsundar is accused of telling Swiss replica Watcheshis victims
that he would buy property in Florida and the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill, Ozone Park and Jamaica at low
prices and get mortgages using his government connections, then transfer the deeds to them.
2010年3月19日星期五
Swiss replica Watches
zhjchv0319 Would he be able replica handbagsto do midair maneuvers in such a bulky contraption? To find out, Mr. Baumgartner and his team recently went to a wind tunnel in Perris, Calif., near Los Angeles, and put the suit through its paces. Team members suited up Mr. Baumgartner, turned on the oxygen in his helmet and attached a pack to his chest containing equipment to record his vital signs, track his position using GPS satellites and heat his helmet¡¯s visor to keep it from fogging.
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
¡°It was difficult, but it worked,¡± Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. ¡°Now I¡¯m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we¡¯re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don¡¯t know what to expect.¡±
Plenty of planes have designer handbagsbroken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
¡°You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you¡¯re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,¡± Mr. Thompson said. ¡°You¡¯ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren¡¯t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.¡±
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
¡°We just don¡¯t know what Replica Watcheswill happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,¡± said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force¡¯s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. ¡°Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit¡¯s supersonic and the other half isn¡¯t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.¡±
Such risks are one Omega replica Watchesreason why Mr. Kittinger¡¯s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers Swiss replica Watches have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
¡°This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,¡± Dr. Clark said. ¡°It¡¯s going to be a major technical feat. It¡¯s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don¡¯t know what we¡¯re up against but we¡¯re going to do everything we can to overcome it.¡±
By the time the suit was inflated to its full pressure of three pounds per square inch, he looked like a robotic version of the Incredible Hulk. As he walked stiffly into the wind tunnel, it was easy to see why astronauts lack a certain grace.
But once Mr. Baumgartner was Replica Louis Vuittoninside, held aloft by air blowing upward at 130 miles per hour, he looked comfortable enough, much to the relief of the engineers. By adjusting his arms and legs, he could shoot up in the tunnel or bring himself down. Most important, with his body angled at 45 degrees to the ground, he could maintain the desired arrowlike stance: head first, arms and legs pointing backward in a V shape called the delta position.
¡°It was difficult, but it worked,¡± Mr. Baumgartner said after emerging from the tunnel. ¡°Now I¡¯m confident I can handle the suit in regular free fall as long as we¡¯re not breaking the speed of sound. But as soon as it goes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic, we don¡¯t know what to expect.¡±
Plenty of planes have designer handbagsbroken the sound barrier, but transonic humans are a mystery, said Art Thompson, the technical project director for the Red Bull Stratos mission, and a former Northrop engineer who worked on the B-2 stealth bomber.
¡°You can run a lot of models, but with the human body you¡¯re not dealing with a hard surface or a ballistic shape,¡± Mr. Thompson said. ¡°You¡¯ve got this rounded bulbous helmet, and the shoulders and the feet sticking out, and everything starts to happen at different times. Parts of your body may be going supersonic while others aren¡¯t, causing flutter waves pulling back and forth among the surfaces.¡±
Could such waves harm the body? Could they create disastrous turbulence?
¡°We just don¡¯t know what Replica Watcheswill happen to Felix and the suit when he goes supersonic,¡± said another Stratos engineer, Mike Todd, who worked on high-altitude suits for the Air Force¡¯s spy-plane pilots with the renowned Skunk Works research division of Lockheed. ¡°Felix could slip right through it, but if half the suit¡¯s supersonic and the other half isn¡¯t, there could be turbulence that knocks him out of control.¡±
Such risks are one Omega replica Watchesreason why Mr. Kittinger¡¯s record has stood for half a century. Air Force and NASA officials have become understandably reluctant to explain potential mishaps to Congressional committees. (To debate the risks and benefits of this project, go to nytimes.com/tierneylab.)
But private adventurers Swiss replica Watches have more freedom to take their own risks. The Stratos medical director, Dr. Jonathan Clark, who formerly oversaw the health of space shuttle crews at NASA, says that the spirit of this project reminds him of stories from the first days of the space age.
¡°This is really risky stuff, putting someone up there in that extreme environment and breaking the sound barrier,¡± Dr. Clark said. ¡°It¡¯s going to be a major technical feat. It¡¯s like early NASA, this heady feeling that we don¡¯t know what we¡¯re up against but we¡¯re going to do everything we can to overcome it.¡±
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zhjchv0319 Ordinarily, Felix Baumgartner would not need a lot of practice in the science of falling.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that¡¯s the Replica Louis Vuittonplan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Forcedesigner handbags pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner¡¯s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
¡°For 50 years,¡± Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, ¡°I¡¯ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record ¡ª one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn¡¯t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.¡±
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut¡¯s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they¡¯re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been Omega replica Watches to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger¡¯s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute¡¯s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: ¡°I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.¡±
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique Swiss replica Watcheswould ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere¡¯s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
He has jumped off two replica handbagsof the tallest buildings in the world, as well as the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro (a 95-foot leap for which he claimed a low-altitude record for parachuting). He has sky-dived across the English Channel. He once plunged into the black void of a 623-foot-deep cave, which he formerly considered the most difficult jump of his career.
But now Fearless Felix, as his fans call him, has something more difficult on the agenda: jumping from a helium balloon in the stratosphere at least 120,000 feet above Earth. Within about half a minute, he figures, he would be going 690 miles per hour and become the first skydiver to break the speed of sound. After a free fall lasting five and a half minutes, his parachute would open and land him about 23 miles below the balloon.
At least, that¡¯s the Replica Louis Vuittonplan, although no one really knows what the shock wave will do to his body as it exceeds the speed of sound. The jump, expected sometime this year, would break one of the most venerable aerospace records. For half a century, no one has surpassed (one person died trying) the altitude record set by Joe Kittinger as part of an Air Force program called Project Excelsior.
In 1960, Mr. Kittinger, then a 32-year-old Air Forcedesigner handbags pilot, jumped from a balloon 102,800 feet above the New Mexico desert. Today, at 81, Mr. Kittinger is a retired colonel and part of the Red Bull Stratos team working on Mr. Baumgartner¡¯s jump, which is being financed by the energy-drink company.
¡°For 50 years,¡± Mr. Kittinger Replica Watchessaid, ¡°I¡¯ve gotten phone calls from all over the world, people wanting to break my record ¡ª one a month, sometimes two a month. But I stayed away from them because they didn¡¯t have any idea what the challenge was. What attracted me to Red Bull was their methodological approach to safety and to providing scientific benefits.¡±
More than three dozen veterans of NASA, the Air Force and the aerospace industry have been working for three years to plan the jump, build a balloon and pressurized capsule, and customize an astronaut¡¯s suit for Mr. Baumgartner. Besides aiming at records, they¡¯re doing physiological research and developing procedures for future astronauts to survive a loss of cabin pressure or an emergency bailout in the stratosphere.
One of the chief concerns has been Omega replica Watches to avoid the problem that almost killed Mr. Kittinger during Project Excelsior. He was supposed to be stabilized during his fall by a small drogue parachute, but on one training jump in 1959 it did not open because the cord got tangled around his neck.
As a result, Mr. Kittinger¡¯s body went into a spin that reached 120 revolutions per minute as he plummeted more than 60,000 feet. He blacked out and regained consciousness only after his reserve parachute opened automatically about a mile above the ground. When he came to, he later wrote, he first assumed he must have died, but then he spotted the parachute¡¯s canopy above him and made a sudden realization: ¡°I am impossibly, wonderfully alive.¡±
Mr. Baumgartner hopes to remain stable and conscious throughout his longer fall without relying on a drogue parachute. He plans to avoid spinning by adjusting the angle of his body and keeping his arms at his side.
This stabilizing technique Swiss replica Watcheswould ordinarily be fairly easy for an expert like Mr. Baumgartner, 41, a former paratrooper in the Austrian Special Forces and a veteran of more than 2,500 jumps from planes, cliffs and assorted landmarks. But to survive the stratosphere¡¯s near vacuum and frigid temperatures, he will need a sealed helmet and a pressurized suit.
Replica Watches
zhjchv0319 With these two genomes inreplica handbags hand, the Broad Institute designed a dog SNP chip, similar to those used to scan the human for genetic disease. SNPs, or ¡°snips,¡± are sites of common variation along the DNA. Affymetrix, a SNP chip maker, manufactured the dog SNP chip for Dr. Wayne¡¯s team, letting him have 1,000 chips free, though thereafter they cost $250 apiece. The dog SNP chip brought to light the close relationship between dogs and wolves in the Middle East and also the genetic relationship between various breeds.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that Replica Louis Vuittonall the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs¡¯ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. ¡°I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they¡¯d come from all over the tree, but there are not,¡± Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to designer handbagsscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on Replica Watches a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Driscoll and Stephen O¡¯Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne¡¯s team Omega replica Watcheshad made a convincing case. ¡°I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,¡± Dr. O¡¯Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement Swiss replica Watchesoccurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
Dr. Wayne was surprised to find that Replica Louis Vuittonall the herding dogs grouped together, as did all the sight hounds and the scent hounds, making a perfect match between dogs¡¯ various functions and the branches on the genetic tree. ¡°I thought there would be many ways to build a herding dog and that they¡¯d come from all over the tree, but there are not,¡± Dr. Wayne said.
His team has also used the dog SNP chip to designer handbagsscan for genes that show signatures of selection. One such favored dog gene has a human counterpart that has been implicated in Williams syndrome, where it causes exceptional gregariousness. Another two selected genes are involved in memory. Dogs, unlike wolves, are adept at taking cues from human body language, and the two genes could have something to do with this faculty, Dr. Wayne said.
An earlier survey of dog origins, based on Replica Watches a small genetic element known as mitochondrial DNA, concluded that dogs had been domesticated, probably just once, in East Asia. The author of the survey, Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, said he was not convinced by the new report for several reasons, including that it did not sample dogs in East Asia from south of the Yangtze, the region where the diversity of mitochondrial DNA is highest. Also archaeologists in China have been less interested in distinguishing dog and wolf remains, he said.
Two other experts on dog genetics, Carlos Driscoll and Stephen O¡¯Brien, of the National Cancer Institute, said they believed that Dr. Wayne¡¯s team Omega replica Watcheshad made a convincing case. ¡°I think they have nailed the locale of dog domestication to the Middle East,¡± Dr. O¡¯Brien said in an e-mail message from Siberia, where he is attending a tiger management workshop.
Dog domestication and human settlement Swiss replica Watchesoccurred at the same time, some 15,000 years ago, raising the possibility that dogs may have had a complex impact on the structure of human society. Dogs could have been the sentries that let hunter gatherers settle without fear of surprise attack. They may also have been the first major item of inherited wealth, preceding cattle, and so could have laid the foundations for the gradations of wealth and social hierarchy that differentiated settled groups from the egalitarianism of their hunter-gatherer predecessors. Notions of inheritance and ownership, Dr. Driscoll said, may have been prompted by the first dogs to permeate human society, laying an unexpected track from wolf to wealth.
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zhjchv0319 Borrowing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey suggesting dogs originated in East Asia.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication ¡ª that of dogs ¡ª in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for Replica Louis Vuittonthe dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today¡¯s breeds.
A research team led by designer handbags Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday¡¯s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports Replica Watchesthis idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to Omega replica Watchesfeed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was Swiss replica Watchessmall size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. ¡°I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,¡± Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer¡¯s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle¡¯s genome.
This finding puts the first replica handbagsknown domestication ¡ª that of dogs ¡ª in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago.
A Middle Eastern origin for Replica Louis Vuittonthe dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today¡¯s breeds.
A research team led by designer handbags Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday¡¯s issue of the journal Nature.
The archaeological evidence supports Replica Watchesthis idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago.
Humans lived as roaming hunters and gatherers for most of their existence. Dr. Wayne believes that wolves began following hunter-gatherer bands to Omega replica Watchesfeed on the wounded prey, carcasses or other refuse. At some stage a group of wolves, who happened to be smaller and less threatening than most, developed a dependency on human groups, and may in return have provided a warning system.
Several thousand years later, in the first settled communities that began to appear in the Middle East 15,000 years ago, people began intervening in the breeding patterns of their camp followers, turning them into the first proto-dogs. One of the features they selected was Swiss replica Watchessmall size, continuing the downsizing of the wolf body plan. ¡°I think a long history such as that would explain how a large carnivore, which can eat you, eventually became stably incorporated in human society,¡± Dr. Wayne said.
The wolf DNA in the study was collected over many years by Dr. Wayne from wolf packs around the world. A colleague, Elaine Ostrander, gathered much of the dog DNA by persuading owners at dog shows to let her take a scraping of cells from inside the cheek. The dog genome has been decoded twice: scientists at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., have sequenced the boxer¡¯s genome, and Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, has decoded his poodle¡¯s genome.
Replica Louis Vuitton
zhjchv0319The family, which owns replica handbagsa race-car repair company in Long Island City, is accused of receiving $1.5 million from 10 victims in connection with this element of the scheme, officials said. The family laundered checks through 11 bank accounts, 8 of them in the name of Shantal Ramsundar, the authorities said.
In the immigration component of the Replica Louis Vuitton scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundarsdesigner handbags received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was Replica Watcheshanded up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as ¡°a victim.¡±
¡°They say there¡¯s all this money missing, but they can¡¯t find it,¡± Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. ¡°Isn¡¯t that interesting?¡±
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Omega replica WatchesGomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client ¡°is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.¡± Mr. Ramsundar¡¯s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims¡¯ confidence.
¡°You can¡¯t trust anybody,¡± Mr. Bachan concluded. ¡°I wish I could get my money back.¡±
The case began last year when several Swiss replica Watchespeople contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney¡¯s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
In the immigration component of the Replica Louis Vuitton scheme, the family is accused of convincing their victims that Mr. Ramsundar, as an immigration agent, could help them obtain legal status and erase their names from deportation rolls and terrorist watch lists.
The authorities say the Ramsundarsdesigner handbags received more than $250,000 from 12 victims in this part of the scheme; some of them also claim to have been defrauded in the real estate deals.
The 34-count indictment, which was Replica Watcheshanded up by a Queens County grand jury on Tuesday, charges them with a variety of crimes, including grand larceny, money laundering, criminal impersonation, scheme to defraud and unlawful sale or possession of an air pistol. If convicted, each could face up to 25 years in prison, the authorities said.
At their arraignment, John Scarpa, the lawyer for the younger Ms. Ramsundar, described his client as ¡°a victim.¡±
¡°They say there¡¯s all this money missing, but they can¡¯t find it,¡± Mr. Scarpa told Justice James P. Griffith, speaking of prosecutors. ¡°Isn¡¯t that interesting?¡±
Dennis Coppin, the lawyer representing Omega replica WatchesGomatee Ramsundar, said in an interview that his client ¡°is presumed innocent and we intend on fighting the case.¡± Mr. Ramsundar¡¯s lawyer could not be reached for comment.
Richard Bachan of Jamaica, Queens, who was at the arraignment, said in an interview that he had lost $400,000 to the Ramsundars in a Florida property deal. Mr. Bachan, who immigrated from Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, said Mr. Ramsundar had cast himself as a deeply religious Hindu and used this guise to win his victims¡¯ confidence.
¡°You can¡¯t trust anybody,¡± Mr. Bachan concluded. ¡°I wish I could get my money back.¡±
The case began last year when several Swiss replica Watchespeople contacted law enforcement officials with claims that they had been duped by Mr. Ramsundar, officials said. After he was arrested in September on charges of defrauding about a dozen West Indians, more people stepped forward with claims, said Kevin R. Ryan, spokesman for the district attorney¡¯s office.
Rebecca White contributed reporting.
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